The radiation from RF-EMF can cause damage to DNA, increase the temperature of tissues and alter the blood brain barrier. These effects are real and ARPANSA is active in collaborating with the EHS community, medical experts, and researchers. ARPANSA will continue examine research regarding the health impacts of EMF radiation. RF-EMF can cause DNA damage Exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are associated with DNA damage and other adverse health adverse effects. EMFs can disrupt the intracellular ionic levels that are crucial to maintain a cell's electrochemical balance. In turn, this can alter the balance of cell metabolism, resulting damages to the DNA. Furthermore exposure to EMFs can also trigger an overproduction of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to RF-EMF radiation has been linked to changes in the male germ cell's development. This is due to the transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa, as well functioning maturation as spermatozoa move throughout the epididymis. To determine the sensitivity of RF-EMF exposure to male germ cells, a specially-built waveguide machine was constructed for the exposure of mice that were not restrained to RF-EME at 2.2 W/kg. In a study that was conducted recently, researchers discovered that exposure to RF-EME caused oxidative DNA damage in spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% following a week of treatment, and by 23 percent after five weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). Although the RF-EMF radiation has not yet been classified as a cancer-causing agent. However, numerous studies have revealed that exposure to RF-EMF radiation can damage DNA health in range of cell varieties. In one study researchers exposed Vero cells to an EMF that was 100Hz, for 45 minutes. They assessed DNA damage for at 48 hours following exposure to determine if the exposure affected the integrity of DNA. The RF-EMF effect causes the heating of tissues While the effects of RF-EMF are usually believed as thermal in nature, a few studies have demonstrated that non-thermal effects may also be observed. These effects may account for certain of the unsolved findings in epidemiological studies on EMF hypersensitivity. Therefore, it is important to look at the non-thermal aspects when conducting an exhaustive review. The non-thermal effects that RF-EMF can have may be felt at the cell's membrane. This is an area of research that has been extensively examined. Particularly the electrochemical properties of cell membranes is being studied. It is believed that RF-EMF energy that exceeds 1 MHz is transferred to tissue via dielectric and Ionic dissipation. The theoretical studies have indicated that the energy transferred to tissues could be as high as 200 kV/m. The electrical properties of tissues are controlled through the distribution and composition of water molecules, and other substances in the body. This determines how absorbent EMR from RF is absorbed by different tissues. Organs with greater conductivity are likely to absorb more of the field, and thus cause more of an impact. This is why the degree of heat generated by tissue doesn't increase continuously as it moves from the exterior to the body and is only noticeable in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissues are less susceptible to RF heating than other tissues because they are not as water-based. content. The depth of penetration of the electromagnetic field is determined by the strength and frequency of field. Muscle tissue is more able to absorb field radiation than most tissues, and converts it to heat more effectively. Usually the penetration depth of RF-EMF is measured by millimeters (mm). But, the higher the frequency, the shallower the penetration. RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption Researchers have found that RF-EMF can disrupt the blood-brain barrier which can alter sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. In addition, the effects of EMF in brain activities have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders. For radiation emf , EMF from mobile phones can alter electroencephalogram activity as well as sleep patterns, and the activities of nitric oxide and xanthin oxidase. Researchers at Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure in brain cells. They also studied what effects ELF EMF on the brain system. Though the cellular mechanisms that play a role are not fully known but there is a clear connection between exposure to ELF-EMF and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. Fortunately, there are some proven methods for regenerating myelin within the brain. Researchers have discovered that exposure to frequencies of 900 millimeters EMF caused a rise in the permeability of the BBB and also increased the indicators of neuronal injury in rats. They also observed increased exovasation of albumin into neurons. Additionally, they observed that after 30 minutes of exposure at 900 MHz 99mTc-MIBI accelerated its penetration to the cerebral cortex. However this effect didn't occur with Evans blue injections. However, RF-EMF is not able to provide a definitive method for disrupting the BBB. Research suggests that EMF exposure can increase erythrocyte membrane permeability, which may affect the BBB and also increase the efflux of calcium ions. Furthermore, the presence a 99mTcMIBI radiotracer inside the brain has also been associated with an increase in the permeability of BBB.
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